ГДЗ до підручника «Алгебра» О.С. Істера. 7 клас

601. 1) p2(m - 3) - 2p(m - 3) + (m - 3) = (m - 3)(p2 - 2p + 1) = (m - 3)(p - 1)2;

2) 1 - a2 - 4b(1 - a2) + 4b2(1 - a2) = (1 - a2) • (1 - 4b + 4b2) = (1 - a2)(1 - 2b)2 = (1 - a) • (1 + a)(1 - 2b)2.

602. c2(c - 2) - 10c(c - 2) + 25(c - 2) = (c - 2)(c2 - 10c + 25) = (c - 2)(c - 5)2.

603. 1) ab2 - b3 - a + b = b2(a - b) - (a - b) = (a - b)(b2 - 1) = (a - b)(b - 1)(b + 1);

2) ax2 - a3 + 7x2 - 7a2 - a(x2 - a2) + 7(x2 - a2) = (x2 - a2)(a + 7) = (x - a) • (x + a)(a + 7);

3) p3 + p2q - 4p - 4q = p2(p + q) - 4(p + q) = (p + q)(p2 - 4) = (p + q)(p - 2)(p + 2);

4) a3 - 5m2 + 5a2 - am2 = (a3 + 5a2) + (-5m2 - am2) = a2(a + 5) - m2(a + 5) = (a + 5)(a2 - m2) = (a + 5)(a - m)(a + m).

604. 1) m3 + n3 + m + n = (m3 + n3) + (m + n) = (m + n)(m2 - mn + n2) + (m + n) = (m + n)(m2 - mn + n2 + 1);

2) a - b - (a3 - b3) = (a - b) - (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2) = (a - b)(1 - a2 - ab - b2);

3) a3 + 8 - a2 - 2a - (a3 + 8) - (a2 + 2a) = (a + 2)(a2 - 2a + 4) - a(a + 2) = (a + 2)(a2 - 2a + 4 - a) = (a + 2)(a2 - 3a + 4);

4) 8p3 - 1 - 12p2 + 6p = (8p3 - 1) - (12p2 - 6p) = (2p - 1)(4p2 + 4p + 1) - 6p(2p - 1) = (2p - 1) • (4p2 + 4p + 1 - 6p) = (2p - 1)(4p2 - 2p + 1).

605. 1) m3 + m2n - m - n = m2(m + n) - (m + n) = (m + n)(m2 - 1) = (m + n)(m - 1)(m + 1);

2) ba2 - 3a2 - 4b + 12 = a2(b - 3) - 4(b - 3) = (b - 3)(a2 - 4) = (b - 3)(a - 2)(a + 2);

3) a3 - b3 + a - b = (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2) + (a - b) = (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2 + 1);

4) (x3 + 1) + (-5x - 5) = (x + 1)(x2 - x + 1) - 5(x + 1) = (x + 1)(x2 - x + 1 - 5) = (x + 1) • (x2 - x - 4).

606. 1) y3 - 5y2 - y + 5 = 0;

y2(y - 5) - (y - 5) = 0;

(y - 5)(y2 - 1) = 0;

(y - 5)(y - 1)(y + 1) = 0;

y - 5 = 0; y = 5 або

у - 1 = 0; у = 1 або

у + 1 = 0; у = -1.

Відповідь: 5; 1; -1.

2) х3 = 2х2 + 4х - 8;

х3 - 2х2 - 4х + 8 = 0;

х2(х - 2) - 4(х - 2) = 0;

(х - 2)(х2 - 4) = 0;

(х - 2)(х - 2)(х + 2) = 0;

х - 2 = 0; х = 2 або

х + 2 = 0; х = -2.

Відповідь: 2; -2.

607. 1) х3 - х2 - х + 1 = 0;

х2(х - 1) - (х - 1) = 0;

(х - 1)(х2 - 1) = 0;

(х - 1)(х - 1)(х + 1) = 0;

х - 1 = 0; х = 1 або

х + 1 = 0; х = -1.

Відповідь: 1; -1.

2) х3 - 9х = х2 - 9;

х3 - 9х - х2 + 9 = 0;

3 - х2) + (-9х + 9) = 0;

х2(х - 1) - 9(х - 1) = 0;

2 - 9)(х - 1) = 0;

(х - 3)(х + 3)(х - 1) = 0;

х - 3 = 0; х = 3 або

х + 3 - 0; х = -3 або

х - 1 = 0; х = 1.

Відповідь: 3; -3; 1.

608. 1) 9(a + b)2 - (а2 - 2аb + b2) - 9(а + b)2 - (a - b)2 = (3(a + b) - (a - b))(3(a + b) + (a - b)) = (3a + 3b - a + b)(3a + 3b + a - b) = (2а + 4b)(4а + 2b) = 4(а + 2b)(2а + b);

2) 25(3у - 2m)2 - 36(9y2 + 12my + 4m2) = (5(3y - 2m))2 - (6(3y + 2m))2 = (5(3y - 2m)) + 6(3y + 3m))(5(3y - 2m) - 6(3y + 2m)) = (15y - 10m + 18y + 12m)(15y - 10m - 18y - 12m) = (33y + 2m)(-3y - 22m) = -(33y + 2m)(3y + 22m).

609. 1) a3 + 8b3 + a2 - 2ab + 4b2 = (a + 2b) • (a2 - 2ab + 4b2) + (a2 - 2ab + 4b2) = (a2 - 2ab + 4b2)(a + 2b + 1);

2) m3 - 8n3 + m2 - 4mn + 4n2 = (m3 - 8n3) + (m2 - 4mn + 4n2) = (m - 2n)(m2 + 2mn + 4n2) + (m - 2n)2 = (m - 2n)(m2 + 2mn + 4n2 + m - 2n) = (m - 2n)(m2 + 2mn + 4n2 + m - 2n).

610. 1) a3 - b3 + a2 - 2ab + b2 = (a3 - b3) + (a2 - 2ab + b2) = (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2) + (a - b)2 = (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2 + a - b);

2) c2 + 2cd + d2 - x2 - 2xy - y2 = (c2 + 2cd + d2) - (x2 + 2xy + y2) = (c + d)2 - (x + y)2 = (c + d + x + y)(c + d - x - y).